Data Types in Java || Primitive and Non-Primitive Data Types in Java

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📝Data Types in Java:-

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 Data types specify the different sizes and values that can be stored in the variable.

✔There are two types of data types in Java:-

  • Primitive data types: The primitive data types include boolean, char, byte, short, int, long, float, and double.
  • Non-primitive data types: The non-primitive data types include Classes, Interfaces, and Arrays. 

📝Primitive Data Types in Java:- 

In Java language, primitive data types are the building blocks of data manipulation. These are the most basic data types available in the Java language. 

✔There are 8 types of primitive data types:-

  • Boolean data type
  • byte data type
  • char data type
  • short data type
  • int data type
  • long data type
  • float data type
  • double data type 
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◾Boolean Data Type:

  • The Boolean data type is used to store only two possible values: true and false. This data type is used for simple flags that track true/false conditions. 
  • The Boolean data type specifies one bit of information, but its "size" can't be defined precisely. 
Example: Boolean one = false. 

◾Byte Data Type:

  • The byte data type is an example of a primitive data type. It is an 8-bit signed two's complement integer. 
  • Its value-range lies between -128 to 127 (inclusive). Its minimum value is -128 and the maximum value is 127. Its default value is 0. 
  • The byte data type is used to save memory in large arrays where the memory savings is most required. 
  • It saves space because a byte is 4 times smaller than an integer. It can also be used in place of the "int" data type. 
Example: byte a = 10, byte b = -20 

◾Short Data Type:

  • The short data type is a 16-bit signed two's complement integer. 
  • Its value-range lies between 32,768 to 32,767 (inclusive). Its minimum value is -32,768 and the maximum value is 32,767. Its default value is 0. 
  • The short data type can also be used to save memory just like a byte data type. 
  • A short data type is 2 times smaller than an integer. 
Example: short s = 10000, short r = -5000 

◾Int Data Type:

  • The int data type is a 32-bit signed two's complement integer. 
  • Its value-range lies between - 2,147,483,648 (-2^31) to 2,147,483,647 (2^31 -1) (inclusive). Its minimum value is - 2,147,483,648 and maximum value is 2,147,483,647. Its default value is 0. 
  • The int data type is generally used as a default data type for integral values unless if there is no problem with memory. 
Example: int a = 100000, int b = -200000 

◾Long Data Type:
  • The long data type is a 64-bit two's complement integer. 
  • Its value-range lies between 9,223,372,036,854,775,808(-2^63) to 9,223,372,036,854,775,807(2^63 -1)(inclusive). 
  • Its minimum value is - 9,223,372,036,854,775,808 and maximum value is 9,223,372,036,854,775,807. Its default value is 0. 
  • The long data type is used when you need a range of values more than those provided by int. 
Example: long a = 100000L, long b = -200000L 

◾Float Data Type:

  • The float data type is a single-precision 32-bit IEEE 754 floating-point. 
  • Its value range is unlimited. 
  • It is recommended to use a float (instead of double). if you need to save memory in large arrays of floating-point numbers. The float data type should never be used for precise values, such as currency. Its default value is 0.0F. 
Example: float f1 = 234.5f 

◾Double Data Type:

  • The double data type is a double-precision 64-bit IEEE 754 floating-point. 
  • Its value range is unlimited. 
  • The double data type is generally used for decimal values just like float. 
  • The double data type also should never be used for precise values, such as currency. Its default value is 0.0d. 
Example: double d1 = 12.3 

◾Char Data Type:

  • The char data type is a single 16-bit Unicode character. 
  • Its value-range lies between "\u0000" (or 0) to "\uffff" (or 65,535 inclusive).
  • The char data type is used to store characters. 
Example: char letterA = 'A'

✔Range of primitive data types in java:-

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  • A primitive variable cannot store Object address, only a non-primitive variable can store Object address.

📝Non-Primitive Datatypes in java:-

Non-Primitive data types refer to objects and hence they are called reference types. Examples of non-primitive types include Strings, Arrays, Classes, Interface.

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◾Strings:

  • Strings are a sequence of characters. But in Java, a string is an object that represents a sequence of characters. The java.lang.String class is used to create a string object. 
  • If you wish to know more about Java Strings, you can refer to this article on Strings in Java. 


◾Arrays:

  • Arrays in Java are homogeneous data structures implemented in Java as objects. 
  • Arrays store one or more values of a specific data type and provide indexed access to store the same. 
  • A specific element in an array is accessed by its index. 
  • If you wish to learn Arrays in detail, then kindly check out this article on Java Arrays. 


◾Classes:

  • A class in Java is a blueprint which includes all your data. 
  •  A class contains fields(variables) and methods to describe the behavior of an object. 


◾Interface:

  • Like a class, an interface can have methods and variables, but the methods declared in interface are by default abstract (only method signature, No body).


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  • Here Bike is a non-primitive data type.
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